


<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />

  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  
  <title>Lowering Phase &mdash; Torch-TensorRT v2.10.0.dev0+2e6843e documentation</title>
  

  
  
  
  

  

  
  
    

  

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
  <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/sg_gallery.css" type="text/css" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/sg_gallery-binder.css" type="text/css" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/sg_gallery-dataframe.css" type="text/css" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/sg_gallery-rendered-html.css" type="text/css" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/collapsible-lists/css/tree_view.css" type="text/css" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.10.0-beta/dist/katex.min.css" type="text/css" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/custom.css" type="text/css" />
    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" />
    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" />
    <link rel="next" title="Partitioning Phase" href="partitioning.html" />
    <link rel="prev" title="System Overview" href="system_overview.html" />
  <!-- Google Tag Manager -->
    <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
    new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
    j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
    'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
    })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','');</script>
    <!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
  

  
  <script src="../_static/js/modernizr.min.js"></script>

  <!-- Preload the theme fonts -->

<link rel="preload" href="../_static/fonts/FreightSans/freight-sans-book.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" href="../_static/fonts/FreightSans/freight-sans-medium.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" href="../_static/fonts/IBMPlexMono/IBMPlexMono-Medium.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" href="../_static/fonts/FreightSans/freight-sans-bold.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" href="../_static/fonts/FreightSans/freight-sans-medium-italic.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" href="../_static/fonts/IBMPlexMono/IBMPlexMono-SemiBold.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">

<!-- Preload the katex fonts -->

<link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.10.0/dist/fonts/KaTeX_Math-Italic.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.10.0/dist/fonts/KaTeX_Main-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.10.0/dist/fonts/KaTeX_Main-Bold.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.10.0/dist/fonts/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.10.0/dist/fonts/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.10.0/dist/fonts/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.10.0/dist/fonts/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.10.0/dist/fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.2/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-vSIIfh2YWi9wW0r9iZe7RJPrKwp6bG+s9QZMoITbCckVJqGCCRhc+ccxNcdpHuYu" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>

<div class="container-fluid header-holder tutorials-header" id="header-holder">
  <div class="container">
    <div class="header-container">
      <a class="header-logo" href="https://pytorch.org/" aria-label="PyTorch"></a>

      <div class="main-menu">
        <ul>

          <li class="main-menu-item">
          <div id="resourcesDropdownButton" data-toggle="resources-dropdown" class="resources-dropdown">
              <a class="with-down-arrow">
                Learn
              </a>
              <div class="resources-dropdown-menu">
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/get-started">
                  <span class=dropdown-title>Get Started</span>
                  <p>Run PyTorch locally or get started quickly with one of the supported cloud platforms</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/tutorials">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Tutorials</span>
                  <p>Whats new in PyTorch tutorials</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/basics/intro.html">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Learn the Basics</span>
                  <p>Familiarize yourself with PyTorch concepts and modules</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/tutorials/recipes/recipes_index.html">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">PyTorch Recipes</span>
                  <p>Bite-size, ready-to-deploy PyTorch code examples</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/introyt.html">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Intro to PyTorch - YouTube Series</span>
                  <p>Master PyTorch basics with our engaging YouTube tutorial series</p>
                </a>
              </div>
            </div>
          </li>

          <li>
          <div id="resourcesDropdownButton" data-toggle="resources-dropdown" class="resources-dropdown">
              <a class="with-down-arrow">
                Ecosystem
              </a>
              <div class="resources-dropdown-menu">
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/ecosystem">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Tools</span>
                  <p>Learn about the tools and frameworks in the PyTorch Ecosystem</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/#community-module">
                  <span class=dropdown-title>Community</span>
                  <p>Join the PyTorch developer community to contribute, learn, and get your questions answered</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://discuss.pytorch.org/" target="_blank">
                  <span class=dropdown-title>Forums</span>
                  <p>A place to discuss PyTorch code, issues, install, research</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/resources">
                  <span class=dropdown-title>Developer Resources</span>
                  <p>Find resources and get questions answered</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/ecosystem/contributor-awards-2024">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Contributor Awards - 2024</span>
                  <p>Award winners announced at this year's PyTorch Conference</p>
                </a>
              </div>
            </div>
          </li>

          <li>
          <div id="resourcesDropdownButton" data-toggle="resources-dropdown" class="resources-dropdown">
              <a class="with-down-arrow">
                Edge
              </a>
              <div class="resources-dropdown-menu">
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/edge">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">About PyTorch Edge</span>
                  <p>Build innovative and privacy-aware AI experiences for edge devices</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/executorch-overview">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">ExecuTorch</span>
                  <p>End-to-end solution for enabling on-device inference capabilities across mobile and edge devices</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/executorch/stable/index.html">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">ExecuTorch Docs</span>
                </a>
              </div>
            </div>  
          </li>

          <li class="main-menu-item">
            <div id="resourcesDropdownButton" data-toggle="resources-dropdown" class="resources-dropdown">
              <a class="with-down-arrow">
                Docs
              </a>
              <div class="resources-dropdown-menu">
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/index.html">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">PyTorch</span>
                  <p>Explore the documentation for comprehensive guidance on how to use PyTorch</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/pytorch-domains">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">PyTorch Domains</span>
                  <p>Read the PyTorch Domains documentation to learn more about domain-specific libraries</p>
                </a>
              </div>
            </div>
          </li>

          <li>
            <div id="resourcesDropdownButton" data-toggle="resources-dropdown" class="resources-dropdown">
              <a class="with-down-arrow">
                Blogs & News 
              </a>
              <div class="resources-dropdown-menu">
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/blog/">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">PyTorch Blog</span>
                  <p>Catch up on the latest technical news and happenings</p>
                </a>
                 <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/community-blog">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Community Blog</span>
                  <p>Stories from the PyTorch ecosystem</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/videos">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Videos</span>
                  <p>Learn about the latest PyTorch tutorials, new, and more </p>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/community-stories">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Community Stories</span>
                  <p>Learn how our community solves real, everyday machine learning problems with PyTorch</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/events">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Events</span>
                  <p>Find events, webinars, and podcasts</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/newsletter">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Newsletter</span>
                  <p>Stay up-to-date with the latest updates</p>
                </a>
            </div>
          </li>

          <li>
            <div id="resourcesDropdownButton" data-toggle="resources-dropdown" class="resources-dropdown">
              <a class="with-down-arrow">
                About
              </a>
              <div class="resources-dropdown-menu">
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/foundation">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">PyTorch Foundation</span>
                  <p>Learn more about the PyTorch Foundation</p>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/governing-board">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Governing Board</span>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/credits">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Cloud Credit Program</span>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/tac">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Technical Advisory Council</span>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/staff">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Staff</span>
                </a>
                <a class="nav-dropdown-item" href="https://pytorch.org/contact-us">
                  <span class="dropdown-title">Contact Us</span>
                </a>
              </div>
            </div>
          </li>

          <li class="main-menu-item">
            <div class="no-dropdown">
              <a href="https://pytorch.org/join" data-cta="join">
                Become a Member
              </a>
            </div>
          </li>
          <li>
           <div class="main-menu-item">
             <a href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch" class="github-icon">
             </a>
           </div>
          </li>
          <!--- TODO: This block adds the search icon to the nav bar. We will enable it later. 
          <li>
            <div class="main-menu-item">
             <a href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch" class="search-icon">
             </a>
            </div>
          </li>
          --->
        </ul>
      </div>

      <a class="main-menu-open-button" href="#" data-behavior="open-mobile-menu"></a>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

<body class="pytorch-body">

   

    

    <div class="table-of-contents-link-wrapper">
      <span>Table of Contents</span>
      <a href="#" class="toggle-table-of-contents" data-behavior="toggle-table-of-contents"></a>
    </div>

    <nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="pytorch-left-menu" id="pytorch-left-menu">
      <div class="pytorch-side-scroll">
        <div class="pytorch-menu pytorch-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
          <div class="pytorch-left-menu-search">
            

            
              
              
                <div class="version">
                  v2.10.0.dev0+2e6843e
                </div>
              
            

            


  


<div role="search">
  <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="../search.html" method="get">
    <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search Docs" />
    <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
    <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
  </form>
</div>

            
          </div>

          
            
            
              
            
            
              <p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Getting Started</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/installation.html">Installation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/jetpack.html">Torch-TensorRT in JetPack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/quick_start.html">Quick Start</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/capture_and_replay.html">Introduction</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">User Guide</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user_guide/torch_tensorrt_explained.html">Torch-TensorRT Explained</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user_guide/dynamic_shapes.html">Dynamic shapes with Torch-TensorRT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user_guide/saving_models.html">Saving models compiled with Torch-TensorRT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user_guide/runtime.html">Deploying Torch-TensorRT Programs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user_guide/using_dla.html">DLA</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user_guide/mixed_precision.html">Compile Mixed Precision models with Torch-TensorRT</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Tutorials</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/torch_compile_advanced_usage.html">Torch Compile Advanced Usage</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/vgg16_ptq.html">Deploy Quantized Models using Torch-TensorRT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/engine_caching_example.html">Engine Caching</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/engine_caching_bert_example.html">Engine Caching (BERT)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/refit_engine_example.html">Refitting Torch-TensorRT Programs with New Weights</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/serving_torch_tensorrt_with_triton.html">Serving a Torch-TensorRT model with Triton</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/torch_export_cudagraphs.html">Torch Export with Cudagraphs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/converter_overloading.html">Overloading Torch-TensorRT Converters with Custom Converters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/custom_kernel_plugins.html">Using Custom Kernels within TensorRT Engines with Torch-TensorRT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/auto_generate_converters.html">Automatically Generate a Converter for a Custom Kernel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/auto_generate_plugins.html">Automatically Generate a Plugin for a Custom Kernel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/mutable_torchtrt_module_example.html">Mutable Torch TensorRT Module</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/weight_streaming_example.html">Weight Streaming</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/pre_allocated_output_example.html">Pre-allocated output buffer</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Dynamo Frontend</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../dynamo/torch_compile.html">TensorRT Backend for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">torch.compile</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../dynamo/dynamo_export.html">Compiling Exported Programs with Torch-TensorRT</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">TorchScript Frontend</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../ts/creating_torchscript_module_in_python.html">Creating a TorchScript Module</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../ts/creating_torchscript_module_in_python.html#working-with-torchscript-in-python">Working with TorchScript in Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../ts/creating_torchscript_module_in_python.html#saving-torchscript-module-to-disk">Saving TorchScript Module to Disk</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../ts/getting_started_with_python_api.html">Using Torch-TensorRT in Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../ts/getting_started_with_cpp_api.html">Using Torch-TensorRT in  C++</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../ts/ptq.html">Post Training Quantization (PTQ)</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">FX Frontend</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../fx/getting_started_with_fx_path.html">Torch-TensorRT (FX Frontend) User Guide</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Model Zoo</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/torch_compile_resnet_example.html">Compiling ResNet with dynamic shapes using the <cite>torch.compile</cite> backend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/torch_compile_transformers_example.html">Compiling BERT using the <cite>torch.compile</cite> backend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/torch_compile_stable_diffusion.html">Compiling Stable Diffusion model using the <cite>torch.compile</cite> backend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/compile_hf_models.html">Compiling LLM models from Huggingface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/torch_compile_gpt2.html">Compiling GPT2 using the Torch-TensorRT <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">torch.compile</span></code> frontend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/torch_export_sam2.html">Compiling SAM2 using the dynamo backend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/_rendered_examples/dynamo/torch_export_flux_dev.html">Compiling FLUX.1-dev model using the Torch-TensorRT dynamo backend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorials/notebooks.html">Legacy notebooks</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Python API Documentation</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../py_api/torch_tensorrt.html">torch_tensorrt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../py_api/dynamo.html">torch_tensorrt.dynamo</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../py_api/logging.html">torch_tensorrt.logging</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../py_api/fx.html">torch_tensorrt.fx</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../py_api/ts.html">torch_tensorrt.ts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../py_api/ptq.html">torch_tensorrt.ts.ptq</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">C++ API Documentation</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../_cpp_api/torch_tensort_cpp.html">Torch-TensorRT C++ API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../_cpp_api/namespace_torch_tensorrt.html">Namespace torch_tensorrt</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../_cpp_api/namespace_torch_tensorrt__logging.html">Namespace torch_tensorrt::logging</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../_cpp_api/namespace_torch_tensorrt__torchscript.html">Namespace torch_tensorrt::torchscript</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">CLI Documentation</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/torchtrtc.html">torchtrtc</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Contributor Documentation</span></p>
<ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="system_overview.html">System Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dynamo_converters.html">Writing Dynamo Converters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="writing_dynamo_aten_lowering_passes.html">Writing Dynamo ATen Lowering Passes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="ts_converters.html">Writing TorchScript Converters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="useful_links.html">Useful Links for Torch-TensorRT Development</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="resource_management.html">Resource Management</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Indices</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../indices/supported_ops.html">Operators Supported</a></li>
</ul>

            
          
        </div>
      </div>
    </nav>

    <div class="pytorch-container">
      <div class="pytorch-page-level-bar" id="pytorch-page-level-bar">
        <div class="pytorch-breadcrumbs-wrapper">
          















<div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">

  <ul class="pytorch-breadcrumbs">
    
      <li>
        <a href="../index.html">
          
            Docs
          
        </a> &gt;
      </li>

        
          <li><a href="system_overview.html">System Overview</a> &gt;</li>
        
      <li>Lowering Phase</li>
    
    
      <li class="pytorch-breadcrumbs-aside">
        
            
            <a href="../_sources/contributors/lowering.rst.txt" rel="nofollow"><img src="../_static/images/view-page-source-icon.svg"></a>
          
        
      </li>
    
  </ul>

  
</div>
        </div>

        <div class="pytorch-shortcuts-wrapper" id="pytorch-shortcuts-wrapper">
          Shortcuts
        </div>
      </div>

      <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" id="pytorch-content-wrap" class="pytorch-content-wrap">
        <div class="pytorch-content-left">

        
          <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
          <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id="
          height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
          <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
          
          <div class="rst-content">
          
            <div role="main" class="main-content" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
             <article itemprop="articleBody" id="pytorch-article" class="pytorch-article">
              
  <section id="lowering-phase">
<span id="lowering"></span><h1>Lowering Phase<a class="headerlink" href="#lowering-phase" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>The lowering phase is made up out of passes which are operations which map a graph from a high level representation
to a lower level one. Each pass does something specific for instance inlining method calls. The idea is to
significantly reduce what the conversion phase needs to be able to handle when actually mapping to TensorRT.
We aim for closer to 1-&gt;1 op conversion vs looking for applicable subgraphs, limiting the number of converters and
reduce the scope of each converter.</p>
<p>You can see the effects of each pass by setting the log level to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Level::kGraph</span></code></p>
<section id="passes-used">
<h2>Passes Used<a class="headerlink" href="#passes-used" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="eliminatecommonsubexpression">
<h3>EliminateCommonSubexpression<a class="headerlink" href="#eliminatecommonsubexpression" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/torch/csrc/jit/passes/common_subexpression_elimination.h">torch/csrc/jit/passes/common_subexpression_elimination.h</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Removes common subexpressions in the graph</p>
</section>
<section id="eliminate-dead-code">
<h3>Eliminate Dead Code<a class="headerlink" href="#eliminate-dead-code" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/torch/csrc/jit/passes/dead_code_elimination.h">torch/csrc/jit/passes/dead_code_elimination.h</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Dead code elimination will check if a node has side effects and not delete it if it does.</p>
</section>
<section id="eliminate-exception-or-pass-pattern">
<h3>Eliminate Exception Or Pass Pattern<a class="headerlink" href="#eliminate-exception-or-pass-pattern" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/TensorRT/blob/master/core/lowering/passes/exception_elimination.cpp">Torch-TensorRT/core/lowering/passes/exception_elimination.cpp</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>A common pattern in scripted modules are dimension guards which will throw exceptions if
the input dimension is not what was expected.</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>%1013 : bool = aten::ne(%1012, %24) # ~/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/batchnorm.py:248:11
    = prim::If(%1013) # ~/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/batchnorm.py:248:8
    block0():
        = prim::RaiseException(%23) # ~/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/batchnorm.py:249:12
    -&gt; ()
    block1():
    -&gt; ()
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Since we are resolving all of this at compile time and there are no exceptions in the TensorRT graph, we just remove it.</p>
</section>
<section id="eliminate-redundant-guards">
<h3>Eliminate Redundant Guards<a class="headerlink" href="#eliminate-redundant-guards" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/torch/csrc/jit/passes/guard_elimination.h">torch/csrc/jit/passes/guard_elimination.h</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Eliminate redundant guards for ops whose outputs are fully determined by their inputs i.e. if inputs to such ops are
guarded we are allowed to remove a guard on ops’ outputs</p>
</section>
<section id="freeze-module">
<h3>Freeze Module<a class="headerlink" href="#freeze-module" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/torch/csrc/jit/passes/freeze_module.h">torch/csrc/jit/passes/freeze_module.h</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Freeze attributes and inline constants and modules. Propagates constants in the graph.</p>
</section>
<section id="fuse-addmm-branches">
<h3>Fuse AddMM Branches<a class="headerlink" href="#fuse-addmm-branches" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/TensorRT/blob/master/core/lowering/passes/fuse_addmm_branches.cpp">Torch-TensorRT/core/lowering/passes/fuse_addmm_branches.cpp</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>A common pattern in scripted modules is tensors of different dimensions use different constructions for implementing linear layers. We fuse these
different variants into a single one that will get caught by the Unpack AddMM pass.</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>%ret : Tensor = prim::If(%622)
block0():
  %ret.1 : Tensor = aten::addmm(%self.fc.bias, %x9.1, %3677, %3, %3)
  -&gt; (%ret.1)
block1():
  %output.1 : Tensor = aten::matmul(%x9.1, %3677)
  %output0.1 : Tensor = aten::add_(%output.1, %self.fc.bias, %3)
  -&gt; (%output0.1)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>We fuse this set of blocks into a graph like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>%ret : Tensor = aten::addmm(%self.fc.bias, %x9.1, %3677, %3, %3)
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="fuse-linear">
<h3>Fuse Linear<a class="headerlink" href="#fuse-linear" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/torch/csrc/jit/passes/fuse_linear.h">torch/csrc/jit/passes/fuse_linear.h</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Match the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::linear</span></code> pattern and fuse it into a single <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::linear</span></code>
This pass fuse the addmm or matmul + add generated by JIT back to linear</p>
</section>
<section id="fuse-flatten-linear">
<h3>Fuse Flatten Linear<a class="headerlink" href="#fuse-flatten-linear" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/TensorRT/blob/master/core/lowering/passes/fuse_flatten_linear.cpp">Torch-TensorRT/core/lowering/passes/fuse_flatten_linear.cpp</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>TensorRT implicitly flattens input layers into fully connected layers when they are higher than 1D. So when there is a
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::flatten</span></code> -&gt; <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::linear</span></code> pattern we remove the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::flatten</span></code>.</p>
</section>
<section id="lower-graph">
<h3>Lower Graph<a class="headerlink" href="#lower-graph" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/torch/csrc/jit/passes/lower_graph.h">torch/csrc/jit/passes/lower_graph.h</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Given a graph with of a method which first argument is %self, lower it to a graph where
all attributes accesses are replaced with explicit inputs of the graph
(rather than results of prim::GetAttr executed on %self). Returns a tuple
(graph, parameters) where the last module.parameters.size() inputs to the
graph are the trainable parameters used in this method. The remaining inputs
are the true inputs to the function.</p>
</section>
<section id="lower-tuples">
<h3>Lower Tuples<a class="headerlink" href="#lower-tuples" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/torch/csrc/jit/passes/lower_tuples.h">torch/csrc/jit/passes/lower_tuples.h</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LowerSimpleTuples</span></code>:</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Removes tuples where TupleConstruct and TupleUnpack are matched but leaves tuples in place across if statements, loops, and as inputs/outputs</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LowerAllTuples</span></code>:</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Removes _all_ tuples and raises an error if some cannot be removed, this is used by ONNX to ensure there are not tuples before conversion, but will not work on graphs whose inputs contain tuples.</p>
</section>
<section id="module-fallback">
<h3>Module Fallback<a class="headerlink" href="#module-fallback" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/TensorRT/blob/master/core/lowering/passes/module_fallback.cpp">Torch-TensorRT/core/lowering/passes/module_fallback.cpp</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Module fallback consists of two lowering passes that must be run as a pair. The first pass is run before freezing to place delimiters in the graph around modules
that should run in PyTorch. The second pass marks nodes between these delimiters after freezing to signify they should run in PyTorch.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotateModuleForFallback</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
<p>Places delimiting nodes around module calls pre freezing to signify where in the graph nodes should run in PyTorch</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MarkNodesForFallback</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
<p>Looks for delimiters then marks all nodes between the delimiters to tell partitioning to run them in PyTorch</p>
</section>
<section id="peephole-optimize">
<h3>Peephole Optimize<a class="headerlink" href="#peephole-optimize" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/torch/csrc/jit/passes/ppeephole_optimze.h">torch/csrc/jit/passes/peephole_optimze.h</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>The intent for this optimization pass is to catch all of the small, easy to catch peephole optimizations you might be interested in doing.</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Right now, it does:</dt><dd><ul class="simple">
<li><p>Eliminate no-op ‘expand’ nodes</p></li>
<li><p>Simply x.t().t() to x</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="remove-contiguous">
<h3>Remove Contiguous<a class="headerlink" href="#remove-contiguous" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/TensorRT/blob/master/core/lowering/passes/remove_contiguous.cpp">Torch-TensorRT/core/lowering/passes/remove_contiguous.cpp</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Removes contiguous operators since we are doing TensorRT memory is already contiguous.</p>
</section>
<section id="remove-dropout">
<h3>Remove Dropout<a class="headerlink" href="#remove-dropout" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/TensorRT/blob/master/core/lowering/passes/remove_dropout.cpp">Torch-TensorRT/core/lowering/passes/remove_dropout.cpp</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Removes dropout operators since we are doing inference.</p>
</section>
<section id="remove-to">
<h3>Remove To<a class="headerlink" href="#remove-to" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/TensorRT/blob/master/core/lowering/passes/remove_to.cpp">Torch-TensorRT/core/lowering/passes/remove_to.cpp</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Removes <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::to</span></code> operators that do casting, since TensorRT manages it itself. It is important that this is one of the last passes run so that
other passes have a change to move required cast operators out of the main namespace.</p>
</section>
<section id="unpack-addmm">
<h3>Unpack AddMM<a class="headerlink" href="#unpack-addmm" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/TensorRT/blob/master/core/lowering/passes/unpack_addmm.cpp">Torch-TensorRT/core/lowering/passes/unpack_addmm.cpp</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Unpacks <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::addmm</span></code> into <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::matmul</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::add_</span></code> (with an additional <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trt::const</span></code>
op to freeze the bias in the TensorRT graph). This lets us reuse the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::matmul</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::add_</span></code>
converters instead of needing a dedicated converter.</p>
</section>
<section id="unpack-logsoftmax">
<h3>Unpack LogSoftmax<a class="headerlink" href="#unpack-logsoftmax" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/TensorRT/blob/master/core/lowering/passes/unpack_log_softmax.cpp">Torch-TensorRT/core/lowering/passes/unpack_log_softmax.cpp</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Unpacks <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::logsoftmax</span></code> into <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::softmax</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::log</span></code>. This lets us reuse the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::softmax</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aten::log</span></code> converters instead of needing a dedicated converter.</p>
</section>
<section id="unroll-loops">
<h3>Unroll Loops<a class="headerlink" href="#unroll-loops" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/torch/csrc/jit/passes/loop_unrolling.h">torch/csrc/jit/passes/loop_unrolling.h</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Unrolls the operations of compatible loops (e.g. sufficiently short) so that you only have to go through the loop once.</p>
</section>
<section id="replace-tile-with-repeat">
<h3>Replace Tile with Repeat<a class="headerlink" href="#replace-tile-with-repeat" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/TensorRT/blob/master/core/lowering/passes/tile_to_repeat.cpp">Torch-TensorRT/core/lowering/passes/tile_to_repeat.cpp</a></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Removes dropout operators since we are doing inference.</p>
</section>
</section>
</section>


             </article>
             
            </div>
            <footer>
  
    <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
      
        <a href="partitioning.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Partitioning Phase" accesskey="n" rel="next">Next <img src="../_static/images/chevron-right-orange.svg" class="next-page"></a>
      
      
        <a href="system_overview.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="System Overview" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><img src="../_static/images/chevron-right-orange.svg" class="previous-page"> Previous</a>
      
    </div>
  

  

    <hr>

  

  <div role="contentinfo">
    <p>
        &copy; Copyright 2024, NVIDIA Corporation.

    </p>
  </div>
    
      <div>
        Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/rtfd/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
      </div>
     

</footer>

          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="pytorch-content-right" id="pytorch-content-right">
          <div class="pytorch-right-menu" id="pytorch-right-menu">
            <div class="pytorch-side-scroll" id="pytorch-side-scroll-right">
              <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Lowering Phase</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#passes-used">Passes Used</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#eliminatecommonsubexpression">EliminateCommonSubexpression</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#eliminate-dead-code">Eliminate Dead Code</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#eliminate-exception-or-pass-pattern">Eliminate Exception Or Pass Pattern</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#eliminate-redundant-guards">Eliminate Redundant Guards</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#freeze-module">Freeze Module</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fuse-addmm-branches">Fuse AddMM Branches</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fuse-linear">Fuse Linear</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fuse-flatten-linear">Fuse Flatten Linear</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#lower-graph">Lower Graph</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#lower-tuples">Lower Tuples</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-fallback">Module Fallback</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#peephole-optimize">Peephole Optimize</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#remove-contiguous">Remove Contiguous</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#remove-dropout">Remove Dropout</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#remove-to">Remove To</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#unpack-addmm">Unpack AddMM</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#unpack-logsoftmax">Unpack LogSoftmax</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#unroll-loops">Unroll Loops</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#replace-tile-with-repeat">Replace Tile with Repeat</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </section>
    </div>

  


  

     
       <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
         <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
         <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
         <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
         <script src="../_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
         <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
         <script src="../_static/collapsible-lists/js/CollapsibleLists.compressed.js"></script>
         <script src="../_static/collapsible-lists/js/apply-collapsible-lists.js"></script>
         <script crossorigin="anonymous" integrity="sha256-Ae2Vz/4ePdIu6ZyI/5ZGsYnb+m0JlOmKPjt6XZ9JJkA=" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/require.js/2.3.4/require.min.js"></script>
     

  

  <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/vendor/popper.min.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/vendor/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/list.js/1.5.0/list.min.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script>

  <script type="text/javascript">
      jQuery(function () {
          SphinxRtdTheme.Navigation.enable(true);
      });
  </script> 

  <!-- Begin Footer -->

  <div class="container-fluid docs-tutorials-resources" id="docs-tutorials-resources">
    <div class="container">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-4 text-center">
          <h2>Docs</h2>
          <p>Access comprehensive developer documentation for PyTorch</p>
          <a class="with-right-arrow" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/index.html">View Docs</a>
        </div>

        <div class="col-md-4 text-center">
          <h2>Tutorials</h2>
          <p>Get in-depth tutorials for beginners and advanced developers</p>
          <a class="with-right-arrow" href="https://pytorch.org/tutorials">View Tutorials</a>
        </div>

        <div class="col-md-4 text-center">
          <h2>Resources</h2>
          <p>Find development resources and get your questions answered</p>
          <a class="with-right-arrow" href="https://pytorch.org/resources">View Resources</a>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <footer class="site-footer">
    <div class="container footer-container">
      <div class="footer-logo-wrapper">
        <a href="https://pytorch.org/" class="footer-logo"></a>
      </div>

      <div class="footer-links-wrapper">
        <div class="footer-links-col">
          <ul>
            <li class="list-title"><a href="https://pytorch.org/">PyTorch</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://pytorch.org/get-started">Get Started</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://pytorch.org/features">Features</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://pytorch.org/ecosystem">Ecosystem</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://pytorch.org/blog/">Blog</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md">Contributing</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div>

        <div class="footer-links-col">
          <ul>
            <li class="list-title"><a href="https://pytorch.org/resources">Resources</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://pytorch.org/tutorials">Tutorials</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/index.html">Docs</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://discuss.pytorch.org" target="_blank">Discuss</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues" target="_blank">Github Issues</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://pytorch.org/assets/brand-guidelines/PyTorch-Brand-Guidelines.pdf" target="_blank">Brand Guidelines</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div>

        <div class="footer-links-col">
          <ul>
            <li class="list-title">Stay up to date</li>
            <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pytorch" target="_blank">Facebook</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://twitter.com/pytorch" target="_blank">Twitter</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/pytorch" target="_blank">YouTube</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/pytorch" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a></li>
          </ul>  
          </div>

        <div class="footer-links-col">
          <ul>
            <li class="list-title">PyTorch Podcasts</li>
            <li><a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/6UzHKeiy368jKfQMKKvJY5" target="_blank">Spotify</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/pytorch-developer-podcast/id1566080008" target="_blank">Apple</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9PQjVGa0lsOA%3D%3D" target="_blank">Google</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/7a4e6f0e-26c2-49e9-a478-41bd244197d0/PyTorch-Developer-Podcast?" target="_blank">Amazon</a></li>
          </ul>
         </div>
        </div>
        
        <div class="privacy-policy">
          <ul>
            <li class="privacy-policy-links"><a href="https://www.linuxfoundation.org/terms/" target="_blank">Terms</a></li>
            <li class="privacy-policy-links">|</li>
            <li class="privacy-policy-links"><a href="https://www.linuxfoundation.org/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">Privacy</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="copyright">
        <p>© Copyright The Linux Foundation. The PyTorch Foundation is a project of The Linux Foundation.
          For web site terms of use, trademark policy and other policies applicable to The PyTorch Foundation please see
          <a href="https://www.linuxfoundation.org/policies/">www.linuxfoundation.org/policies/</a>. The PyTorch Foundation supports the PyTorch open source
          project, which has been established as PyTorch Project a Series of LF Projects, LLC. For policies applicable to the PyTorch Project a Series of LF Projects, LLC,
          please see <a href="https://www.lfprojects.org/policies/">www.lfprojects.org/policies/</a>.</p>
      </div>
     </div>

  </footer>

  <div class="cookie-banner-wrapper">
  <div class="container">
    <p class="gdpr-notice">To analyze traffic and optimize your experience, we serve cookies on this site. By clicking or navigating, you agree to allow our usage of cookies. As the current maintainers of this site, Facebook’s Cookies Policy applies. Learn more, including about available controls: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/policies/cookies/">Cookies Policy</a>.</p>
    <img class="close-button" src="../_static/images/pytorch-x.svg">
  </div>
</div>

  <!-- End Footer -->

  <!-- Begin Mobile Menu -->

  <div class="mobile-main-menu">
    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="container">
        <div class="mobile-main-menu-header-container">
          <a class="header-logo" href="https://pytorch.org/" aria-label="PyTorch"></a>
          <a class="main-menu-close-button" href="#" data-behavior="close-mobile-menu"></a>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="mobile-main-menu-links-container">
      <div class="main-menu">
        <ul>
           <li class="resources-mobile-menu-title">
             <a>Learn</a>
           </li>
           <ul class="resources-mobile-menu-items">
             <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/get-started">Get Started</a>
             </li>
             <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/tutorials">Tutorials</a>
             </li>
             <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/basics/intro.html">Learn the Basics</a>
             </li>
             <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/tutorials/recipes/recipes_index.html">PyTorch Recipes</a>
             </li>
             <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/introyt.html">Introduction to PyTorch - YouTube Series</a>
             </li>
           </ul>
           <li class="resources-mobile-menu-title">
             <a>Ecosystem</a>
           </li>
           <ul class="resources-mobile-menu-items">
             <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/ecosystem">Tools</a>
             </li>
             <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/#community-module">Community</a>
             </li>
             <li>
               <a href="https://discuss.pytorch.org/">Forums</a>
             </li>
             <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/resources">Developer Resources</a>
             </li>
             <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/ecosystem/contributor-awards-2023">Contributor Awards - 2024</a>
             </li>
           </ul>

           <li class="resources-mobile-menu-title">
             <a>Edge</a>
           </li>

           <ul class="resources-mobile-menu-items">
             <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/edge">About PyTorch Edge</a>
             </li>
             
             <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/executorch-overview">ExecuTorch</a>
             </li>
             <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/executorch/stable/index.html">ExecuTorch Documentation</a>
             </li>
           </ul>

           <li class="resources-mobile-menu-title">
             <a>Docs</a>
           </li>

           <ul class="resources-mobile-menu-items">
            <li>
              <a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/index.html">PyTorch</a>
            </li>

            <li>
              <a href="https://pytorch.org/pytorch-domains">PyTorch Domains</a>
            </li>
          </ul>

          <li class="resources-mobile-menu-title">
            <a>Blog & News</a>
          </li>
            
           <ul class="resources-mobile-menu-items">
            <li>
              <a href="https://pytorch.org/blog/">PyTorch Blog</a>
            </li>
            <li>
              <a href="https://pytorch.org/community-blog">Community Blog</a>
            </li>

            <li>
              <a href="https://pytorch.org/videos">Videos</a>
            </li>

            <li>
              <a href="https://pytorch.org/community-stories">Community Stories</a>
            </li>
            <li>
              <a href="https://pytorch.org/events">Events</a>
            </li>
            <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/newsletter">Newsletter</a>
             </li>
          </ul>
          
          <li class="resources-mobile-menu-title">
            <a>About</a>
          </li>

          <ul class="resources-mobile-menu-items">
            <li>
              <a href="https://pytorch.org/foundation">PyTorch Foundation</a>
            </li>
            <li>
              <a href="https://pytorch.org/governing-board">Governing Board</a>
            </li>
            <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/credits">Cloud Credit Program</a>
            </li>
            <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/tac">Technical Advisory Council</a>
            </li>
            <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/staff">Staff</a>
            </li>
            <li>
               <a href="https://pytorch.org/contact-us">Contact Us</a>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </ul>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- End Mobile Menu -->

  <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/vendor/anchor.min.js"></script>

  <script type="text/javascript">
    $(document).ready(function() {
      mobileMenu.bind();
      mobileTOC.bind();
      pytorchAnchors.bind();
      sideMenus.bind();
      scrollToAnchor.bind();
      highlightNavigation.bind();
      mainMenuDropdown.bind();
      filterTags.bind();

      // Add class to links that have code blocks, since we cannot create links in code blocks
      $("article.pytorch-article a span.pre").each(function(e) {
        $(this).closest("a").addClass("has-code");
      });
    })
  </script>
</body>
</html>